Snake/src/net/hoo2/auth/dsproject/snake/Game.java

package net.hoo2.auth.dsproject.snake;

/**
 * @mainpage
 * @title Snake game project. -- Part 3 --
 * 
 * This is the code documentation page of the Snake game project.
 * Listed are:
 * * All used classes
 * * All member functions
 * * All data members
 * 
 * @author Christos Choutouridis AEM:8997
 * @email  cchoutou@ece.auth.gr
 */ 
import java.util.*;

/**
 * @class Game
 * 
 * @brief This is the main control class of the game. 
 * 
 * This class includes the main function.Using this class's api
 * the user can create a board, register players and roll the game. 
 * 
 * @author Christos Choutouridis AEM:8997
 * @email  cchoutou@ece.auth.gr
 */
public class Game {
   /** @name Constants */
   /**@{ */
   static final int MAX_PLAYERS = 6;   /**< The maximum number of allowed players in the game */
   static final int MAX_GAME_ROUNDS = 1000;  /**< the maximum allowed round of the game */
   /**@} */

   /** @name Private data members */
   /** @{ */
   private int round;         /**< The current round of the game */
   private Board board;       /**< A reference to board */
   private ArrayList<Player>     players;       /**< A reference to players */
   private Map<Integer, Integer> playingOrder;  /**< A Map with {PlayerID, Dice-roll} pairs 
                                      @note
                                         This way of storing the playing order is unnecessary.
                                         The old style was far more better. We had a turn variable
                                         in each Player and we used to sort the players vector based on
                                         that value. This made the rest of the program simpler, faster, easer.
                                         We have adopt the above approach just because it is one of the
                                         homework requirements.
                                         */
   /** @} */
   
   /** @name private api */
   /** @{ */

   /**
    * Search the players already in the pairs vector and compare their turn to play
    * with the result of a dice. If there is another one with the same dice result return true.
    * 
    * @param roll       The dice result to check in order to find player's turn to play
    * @param pairs      Reference to already register players and their dice result
    * @return           True if there is another player with the same dice result
    */
   private boolean _search (int roll, ArrayList<Integer[]> pairs) {
      for (int i =0; i<pairs.size() ; ++i)
         if (pairs.get(i)[1] == roll)
            return true;
      return false;
   }

   /**
    * Sort the pairs vector using second parameter witch represent the
    * dice roll. We use bubblesort for the implementation.
    * @param pairs   A vector with {PlayerId, dice-roll} pairs to sort
    */
   private void _sort (ArrayList<Integer[]> pairs) {
      Integer[] temp;
      for (int i=pairs.size()-1 ; i>0 ; --i) {
         for (int j =0 ; j<i ; ++j) {
            if (pairs.get(j)[1] > pairs.get(i)[1]) {
               temp       = pairs.get(i);
               pairs.set(i, pairs.get(j));
               pairs.set(j, temp);
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /**
    * Helper function to get a player from players vector using it's ID
    * @param   playerId    The player's ID to seek
    * @return  Reference to Player or null
    */
   private Player _getPlayer(int playerId) {
      for (Player p : players) {
         if (p.getPlayerId() == playerId)
            return p;
      }
      return null;
   }
   /** @} */


   /** @name Constructors */
   /** @{ */
   /** Default doing nothing constructor */
   Game () {
      round    = 0;
      board    = new Board();
      players  = new ArrayList<>();
      playingOrder
               = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
   }

   /**
    * @brief   The main constructor
    * This constructor create a board and prepares the board for the game.
    * After this call the user can call @ref registerPlayer()
    * @param N             The row for the board
    * @param M             The columns of the board
    * @param numOfSnakes   Number of snakes to place
    * @param numOfLadders  Number of ladders to place
    * @param numOfApples   Number of Apples to place
    */
   Game (int N, int M, int numOfSnakes, int numOfLadders, int numOfApples) {
      round    = 0;
      // delegate constructors
      board    = new Board (N, M, numOfSnakes, numOfLadders, numOfApples);
      players  = new ArrayList<>();
      playingOrder
               = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
   }
   /** @} */
   
   /** @name Get/Set interface */
   /** @{ */
   int getRound () { return round; }
   void setRound (int round) { this.round = round; }
   /** Get reference to board */
   Board getBoard () { return board; }
   /** Set board
    * @param   board    Reference to board to use
    * @note    This requires board must be allocated elsewhere.
    */
   void setBoard (Board board) {
      this.board = board;
   }
   /** Get reference to players */
   ArrayList<Player> getPlayers() { return players; }
   /**
    * Set players
    * @param   players  Reference to players to use
    * @note    This requires players must be allocated elsewhere.
    */
   void setPlayers(ArrayList<Player> players) {
      this.players = players;
   }
   /** Get reference to playingOrder Map */
   Map<Integer, Integer> getPlayingOrder () { return playingOrder; }
   /** Set the playingOrder Map */
   void setPlayingOrder (Map<Integer, Integer> playingOrder) {
      this.playingOrder = playingOrder;
   }
   /** @} */
   
   /** @name Public functionality */
   /** @{ */
   /** 
    * Register a player to the game
    * @param playerId   The player ID to use
    * @param name       The player name to use
    * @return     The status of the operation
    */
   boolean registerPlayer (int playerId, String name) {
      if (players.size() >= MAX_PLAYERS)
         return false;
      players.add(new Player(playerId, name));
      return true;
   }
   
//   /** 
//    * Register a heuristic player to the game
//    * @param playerId   The player ID to use
//    * @param name       The player name to use
//    * @return     The status of the operation
//    */
//   boolean registerHeuristicPlayer (int playerId, String name) {
//      if (players.size() >= MAX_PLAYERS)
//         return false;
//      //players.add(new HeuristicPlayer(playerId, name, board));
//      players.add(new HeuristicPlayer(playerId, name));
//      return true;
//   }
   
   /** 
    * Register a heuristic player to the game
    * @param playerId   The player ID to use
    * @param name       The player name to use
    * @return     The status of the operation
    */
   boolean registerMinMaxPlayer (int playerId, String name) {
      if (players.size() >= MAX_PLAYERS)
         return false;
      //players.add(new HeuristicPlayer(playerId, name, board));
      players.add(new MinMaxPlayer(playerId, name));
      return true;
   }
   
   /** 
    * @brief Set the playing order of players
    * This function emulates the classic roll of dice to decide which player
    * plays first which second and so on.
    */
   Map<Integer, Integer> setTurns (ArrayList<Player> players) {
      int[]       pairData = new int[2];  // We use plain int[] to create an Integer[]
      Integer[]   PairData;     // The Integer[] to push to ArrayList<>          
      ArrayList<Integer[]>
                  pairList = new ArrayList<>(); // Use use ArrayList before Map in order to sort

      for (int d, i =0 ; i<players.size() ; ++i) {
         do
            // Keep rolling the dice until we get a unique value
            d = players.get(i).dice ();
         while (_search (d, pairList));
         // Make Integer[] pair
         pairData[0] = players.get(i).getPlayerId();
         pairData[1] = d;
         PairData = Arrays.stream(pairData)
                          .boxed()
                          .toArray(Integer[]::new);
         pairList.add(PairData); // Add to vector
      }
      // Sort playeingOrger
      _sort (pairList);
      // Make and return the Map
      for (int i =0 ; i<pairList.size() ; ++i) {
         playingOrder.put(pairList.get(i)[0], pairList.get(i)[1]);
      }
      return playingOrder;
      
   }
   /**
    * Sort the players according to their score
    */
   void scoreSort () {
      players.sort((p1, p2) ->
         Integer.compare (p1.getScore(), p2.getScore())
      );
   }

   /**
    * A game round. In each round every player plays when is his turn
    *
    * @param   verbose  Flag to indicate how much we print to console
    * @return  The winner if we have one, or null
    */
   Player round (boolean verbose) {
      int tile;
      ++round;    // keep track of round

      // traverse the players vector and move each player on the board
      // using a dice throw
      for (Integer pid : playingOrder.keySet()) {
         Player p = _getPlayer(pid);
         tile = p.getNextMove (board, p.getTile())[0];
         p.statistics(verbose, false);
         if (tile>= board.getN()*board.getM())
            // The first one here is the winner
            return p;
      }
      return null;   // No one finished yet
   }
   /** @} */

   /**
    * @brief Main
    * As the requirements of the project suggested.
    * We:
    *  * Create a game
    *  * Manually create a board
    *  * Register 2 players (John Doe for now)
    *  * Place a predefined number of snakes, ladders and apples
    *  * Deploy the game by calling @ref playOrder() and @ref round()
    * At the end we print the results and exit
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {     
      // Current project requirements
      int lines         = 20;
      int columns       = 10;
      int numOfSnakes   = 3;
      int numOfLadders  = 3;
      int numOfApples   = 6;
      int numOfPlayers  = 2;
      boolean verbose   = true;

      // Print caption
      System.out.println("================== Snake Game ==================");
      System.out.println("Board: " +lines +"x" +columns +" with " +numOfSnakes +" snakes, "
                         +numOfLadders +" ladders and " +numOfApples +" apples.");
      System.out.println("Players: " + numOfPlayers);
      System.out.println("");
      // Board creation
      Game game = new Game (lines, columns, numOfSnakes, numOfLadders, numOfApples);
      // game.getBoard().createElementBoard();  // Not explicitly required

      // Player registration, the one is cheater
      for (int i=0 ; i<numOfPlayers && i<MAX_PLAYERS; ++i) {
         if (i == 0)
            game.registerMinMaxPlayer(i+1, String.format("Player %d", i+1));
         else
            game.registerPlayer(i+1, String.format("Player %d", i+1));
      }
      game.setTurns(game.getPlayers());         // Choose play order
      game.board.setPlayers(game.getPlayers()); // inform the board with the players
      Player winner;
      do                                        // Keep going until someone finishes
         winner = game.round (verbose);
      while (winner == null
          && game.getRound() < MAX_GAME_ROUNDS);
      if (game.getRound() == MAX_GAME_ROUNDS) {
         // Check if we finished
         System.out.println("Game did not finished in " + MAX_GAME_ROUNDS + " rounds. Abort.");
         return;
      }

      // Print the results
      System.out.println("*** Game finished ***");
      System.out.println("");
      System.out.println("");
      System.out.println("*** Game Results ***");
      System.out.println("Rounds: " + game.getRound());
      System.out.println("Winner: " + winner.getName() + " [" + winner.getScore() +" points]");
      System.out.println("Score: ");
      game.scoreSort ();                     // sort players based on their score
      for (int i=game.getPlayers().size()-1 ; i>=0 ; --i) {
         // Loop all players
         Player p = game.getPlayers().get(i);
         if (p == winner)
            System.out.println(" * " +p.getName() + ": " + p.getScore() +" points");
         else
            System.out.println("   " +p.getName() + ": " + p.getScore() +" points");
      }

      // Print the extra statistics for the heuristic player only
      // We use a little reflection for that
      for (Player p : game.getPlayers()) {
         if (p.getClass().getSimpleName().equals("HeuristicPlayer"))
            p.statistics(verbose, true);
      }

   }
}